Healthcare professionals' experience of teenage pregnancy and motherhood in Haiti.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore healthcare professionals' experience of pregnant and motherhood in adolescence in Haiti. METHODS: The methodology for collecting and analyzing qualitative data was based on John Dewey's social survey. The study was conducted in nine health institutions in the North and North-East departments of Haiti from October 2020 to January 2021. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with 15 healthcare professionals. All interviews were audio-recorded. The recordings were listened to carefully and transcribed in verbatim form. After checking and validation, the verbatims in Word format were exported to QDA Miner software version 6.0.5 for coding. The data were analyzed using Paillé and Mucchielli thematic analyses. RESULTS: Health professionals such as gynecologists, nurses, midwives, nursing assistants, matrons and health workers took part in the study. These study participants indicate that teenage pregnancy and motherhood are social and public health problems whose negative consequences affect teenage girls, children, healthcare professionals, the healthcare system, and Haitian society in general. The services offered to adolescent girls are medical, educational, psychological, economic, and social in nature. When caring for pregnant adolescents during the transition to motherhood, healthcare professionals face many challenges that are linked to the socio-economic status and physiological reality of adolescents, as well as the healthcare system. CONCLUSIONS: Programs involving home care visits should also be set up to offer ongoing support to pregnant or parenting teenagers. The distribution of food aid or materials such as clothing, hygiene products and baby kits should also be considered.

Vulnerability analysis of Haitian adolescent girls before pregnancy: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVES: This article aims to analyze the vulnerabilities experienced by Haitian adolescent girls before their pregnancy. METHODS: A qualitative research design was developed from Dewey's social survey. From October 2020 to January 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 33 pregnant adolescents living in Haiti's North and North-East departments. Thematic data analysis was performed using the qualitative data analysis software QDA miner, 6.0.5. RESULTS: The adolescent girls interviewed were between 14 and 19. The study showed that adolescent girls experienced economic and social hardship, gender issues, and barriers to contraceptive use before pregnancy. These girls have experienced restrictive conditions that make them vulnerable to risky sexual practices and unwanted pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: The results have indicated that Haitian adolescent girls' vulnerabilities before their pregnancy result from economic, social, and cultural injustices to which they are exposed from early childhood. These adolescent girls are also highly vulnerable to sexual exploitation and rape, as well as pregnancy. It is essential to address these issues when implementing programs aimed at improving the living conditions of adolescents in Haiti, including the prevention of early and unwanted pregnancy.

Peroxisome disruption alters lipid metabolism and potentiates antitumor response with MAPK-targeted therapy in melanoma.

Melanomas reprogram their metabolism to rapidly adapt to therapy-induced stress conditions, allowing them to persist and ultimately develop resistance. We report that a subpopulation of melanoma cells tolerate MAPK pathway inhibitors (MAPKis) through a concerted metabolic reprogramming mediated by peroxisomes and UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG). Compromising peroxisome biogenesis, by repressing PEX3 expression, potentiated the proapoptotic effects of MAPKis via an induction of ceramides, an effect limited by UGCG-mediated ceramide metabolism. Cotargeting PEX3 and UGCG selectively eliminated a subset of metabolically active, drug-tolerant CD36+ melanoma persister cells, thereby sensitizing melanoma to MAPKis and delaying resistance. Increased levels of peroxisomal genes and UGCG were found in patient-derived MAPKi-relapsed melanomas, and simultaneously inhibiting PEX3 and UGCG restored MAPKi sensitivity in multiple models of therapy resistance. Finally, combination therapy consisting of a newly identified inhibitor of the PEX3-PEX19 interaction, a UGCG inhibitor, and MAPKis demonstrated potent antitumor activity in preclinical melanoma models, thus representing a promising approach for melanoma treatment.

Inhibition of the MNK1/2-eIF4E Axis Augments Palbociclib-Mediated Antitumor Activity in Melanoma and Breast Cancer.

Aberrant cell-cycle progression is characteristic of melanoma, and CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as palbociclib, are currently being tested for efficacy in this disease. Despite the promising nature of CDK4/6 inhibitors, their use as single agents in melanoma has shown limited clinical benefit. Herein, we discovered that treatment of tumor cells with palbociclib induces the phosphorylation of the mRNA translation initiation factor eIF4E. When phosphorylated, eIF4E specifically engenders the translation of mRNAs that code for proteins involved in cell survival. We hypothesized that cancer cells treated with palbociclib use upregulated phosphorylated eIF4E (phospho-eIF4E) to escape the antitumor benefits of this drug. Indeed, we found that pharmacologic or genetic disruption of MNK1/2 activity, the only known kinases for eIF4E, enhanced the ability of palbociclib to decrease clonogenic outgrowth. Moreover, a quantitative proteomics analysis of melanoma cells treated with combined MNK1/2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors showed downregulation of proteins with critical roles in cell-cycle progression and mitosis, including AURKB, TPX2, and survivin. We also observed that palbociclib-resistant breast cancer cells have higher basal levels of phospho-eIF4E, and that treatment with MNK1/2 inhibitors sensitized these palbociclib-resistant cells to CDK4/6 inhibition. In vivo we demonstrate that the combination of MNK1/2 and CDK4/6 inhibition significantly increases the overall survival of mice compared with either monotherapy. Overall, our data support MNK1/2 inhibitors as promising drugs to potentiate the antineoplastic effects of palbociclib and overcome therapy-resistant disease.

Políticas públicas de enfrentamento ao trabalho infantil: desafios para atenção integral em saúde e intersetorialidade / Public policies to fight child labor: challenges for comprehensive health care and intersectoriality

Resumo Este estudo objetiva analisar os atos normativos para combate ao trabalho infantil sancionados no Brasil entre 1990 e 2018. Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva em base documental e de natureza qualitativa. Foram incluídos 102 documentos: atos normativos publicados no Brasil dos anos de 1990 a 2018, que abordam o enfrentamento ao trabalho infantil. Os dados foram agrupados em uma matriz de análise, organizada por: tipo de ato normativo, ano de publicação, origem ministerial, observando-se os períodos políticos. Os resultados expressam diferenças significativas na formulação das políticas públicas, como ausência de atos normativos no setor de saúde na década de 1990, época em que o Sistema Único de Saúde se estruturava. Mudança no foco de investimento, da educação e transferência de renda para o Programa Bolsa Família, aumentando a responsabilização das famílias. As políticas de formação profissional, apesar de serem reconhecidas como instrumentos de combate ao trabalho infantil, apresentam contradições, pois preconizam uma atuação para atender aos interesses econômicos vigentes. Este modelo de construção e atuação se reflete na relação entre os diversos campos de políticas públicas para o enfrentamento do trabalho infantil, causando limitações nas práticas intersetoriais e na integralidade da atenção voltada para crianças e adolescentes.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the normative acts to combat child labor sanctioned in Brazil between 1990 and 2018. This is an exploratory-descriptive, document-based, qualitative research. A total of 102 documents were included, namely: normative acts published in Brazil from the years 1990 to 2018, which address the confrontation of child labor. The data were grouped in an analysis matrix organized by type of normative act, year of publication, and ministerial origin, observing the political periods. The results express significant differences in the formulation of public policies, such as the absence of normative acts in the health sector in the 1990s, when the Unified Health System was being structured. Changes were made in the focus of investment, from education and cash transfers to the Bolsa Familia Program, increasing the accountability of families. The vocational training policies, despite being recognized as instruments to fight child labor, present contradictions, since they advocate an action to meet the prevailing economic interests. This model of construction and action reflects on the relationship between the various fields of public policies for combating child labor, causing limitations in intersectoral practices and in the integrality of the attention aimed at children and adolescents.

Perception and experience of relatives of pregnant teenagers: A qualitative study in the North and Northeast departments of Haiti.

Teenage pregnancy remains a global problem because of its consequences for the teenager, her child, her family, and society. In Haiti, this type of pregnancy burdens the family economy. In addition, the adolescent fertility rate is still high, despite efforts to reduce it. This article aims to analyze the perception and experiential experience of relatives of pregnant adolescents in Haiti. A qualitative study design based on Dewey's social survey was conducted. Data were collected from 17 relatives (partners, parents, guardians, and others) of pregnant adolescents in Haiti's North and Northeast departments. These data were analyzed using thematic analysis. According to the results, teenage pregnancy is seen as a disaster or a social problem in Haiti. It leads to many psychosocial and economic difficulties for the relatives, who are the only source of economic and social support for pregnant adolescents. Considering the vulnerability of relatives, policies, and interventions aimed at reducing the negative consequences of teenage pregnancy should consider this group of individuals.

Vulnerabilities and Strengths of Pregnant Haitian Adolescents and their Families During Transition to Motherhood.

Background and Objective: Teenage pregnancy is considered a social and health problem because of its multifaceted consequences for pregnant teens, their family and society. The objectives of this article are 1) to describe the vulnerabilities encountered by pregnant teenagers and their relatives throughout the time of transition from pregnancy to motherhood and 2) to identify the strengths that are mobilized by these individuals during this period. Methods: The qualitative data collection and analysis methodology was based on John Dewey's Social Inquiry. Participants were recruited from nine health institutions in the North and Northeast departments of Haiti. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews, which were audiotaped, transcribed, and exported for coding after verification and validation. The data were analyzed using the thematic analysis of Paillé and Mucchielli. Results: A total of 50 interviews were conducted with 33 pregnant teenagers (aged 14 - 19 years) and 17 relatives. This research identified vulnerabilities and strengths experienced by the adolescent participants and their relatives during the motherhood transition. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: The experiences, challenges, and vulnerabilities associated with the teenage-motherhood transition and the needs of pregnant teens, partners, and parents were identified in this study. The results indicated that more attention must be given to psychosocial and material support programs for pregnant adolescents and their loved ones during the motherhood transition and after-childbirth period. When logically and effectively implemented, the study results and suggested recommendations can be used as tools for reaching local and global public-health initiatives in Haiti.

[Intersectionality to better understand women's health issues]. / L'intersectionnalité pour mieux comprendre la problématique de la santé des femmes.

Intersectionality, a theory for understanding women's health issue. Intersectionality offers the possibility of holistic analyzes to understand and act on women's health issue. It facilitates the exploration of the different dimensions of social inequalities in health, which are both at the level of institutions and of the individual experiences of people who live at the intersection of multiple dimensions of domination and power.

Psychometric properties of the French and English short form of the Protective Behavioural Strategies for Marijuana Scale in Canadian university students.

BACKGROUND: The Protective Behavioural Strategies for Marijuana (PBSM-17) scale serves to identify and measure strategies employed by young adults before, during or after cannabis use. After the adaptation and translation of the PBSM-17 into French, a methodological study was conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of this French version (FV) and of the original English version (EV) in a sample of bilingual Canadian university students. METHODS: A total of 211 cannabis users (mean age=22.1 years) completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, a question on frequency of cannabis use (four categories: 1-3 times a month, once a week, more than once a week, everyday) and both versions (FV and EV) of the PBSM-17. RESULTS: Both versions had similar internal reliability (α=0.91; α=0.88). The one-factor solution explained 36.46% of the variance for the FV and 42.26% for the EV. As hypothesised, greater use of protective behavioural strategies was related to lower frequency of cannabis use. One-way ANOVA test results revealed a statistically significant difference in use of strategies by frequency of cannabis use for both the FV (F(3, 207)=27.38, p<0.001) and EV (F(3, 207)=29.32, p<0.001). Post hoc comparisons showed that everyday users employed fewer strategies on average than lower-frequency users. CONCLUSION: The FV and EV of the PBSM-17 demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. The proposed FV of the PBSM-17 is a reliable instrument that could be used for research and clinical purposes. Protective behavioural strategies can serve as indicator of lower-risk cannabis use and could be targeted in prevention interventions.

[French translation, cultural adaptation and assessment of preliminary psychometric properties of the Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale]. / Traduction française, adaptation culturelle et évaluation des propriétés psychométriques préliminaires de l'échelle des stratégies de protection comportementale liées à la consommation de cannabis.

OBJECTIVE: Young adults (18- to 24-year-olds) constitute the age group with the highest proportion of cannabis users. In the context of legalization, it is important to promote lower-risk cannabis use. The Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale (PBSM-17) identifies strategies used by consumers. However, this scale is not available in French and is not adapted to the Canadian context. This article presents the process that led to the translation, cultural adaptation and evaluation of the preliminary psychometric properties of PBSM-17. METHOD: The methodological study was carried out in six steps. The first four steps led to the translation towards French and adaptation of the scale. A validation among 12 young people contributed to establish the criterion equivalency (step 5). The evaluation of psychometric properties (step 6) was carried out among 211 bilingual university students (61 % women; mean age 22 years old). RESULTS: The French version presents satisfactory preliminary psychometric properties: internal consistency is acceptable (α = 0.88); criterion equivalency was established between the French and the original English version (t (210) = 1.04, p = 0.30; 95% CI [-0.20, 0.63]). The scores obtained on both versions by the same participant were found to be strongly correlated (r = 0.95, p <0.001). CONCLUSION: The results support the use of the French version of PBSM-17. The proposed protective strategies can be used as a measurement tool and represent behaviors that can be targeted in a lower-risk cannabis use context.

OBJECTIF: Les jeunes de 18 à 24 ans constituent la plus grande proportion de consommateurs de cannabis. Dans un contexte de légalisation de cette substance, il importe de promouvoir une consommation à moindre risque. L'échelle Protective Behavioral Strategies for Marijuana Scale (PBSM-17) permet d'identifier les stratégies de protection comportementale utilisées chez les consommateurs. Toutefois, cette échelle n'est pas disponible en français et n'est pas adaptée au contexte canadien. Cet article présente la démarche ayant mené à la traduction, l'adaptation culturelle et l'évaluation des propriétés psychométriques préliminaires du PBSM-17. MÉTHODE: L'étude méthodologique s'est déroulée en six étapes. Les quatre premières étapes ont mené à la traduction et l'adaptation de l'échelle. La validation auprès de 12 jeunes a permis d'établir l'équivalence conceptuelle. L'évaluation des propriétés psychométriques a été réalisée auprès de 211 étudiants universitaires bilingues (61 % femme; âge moyen 22 ans). RÉSULTATS: La version traduite et adaptée présente des propriétés psychométriques préliminaires satisfaisantes : la cohérence interne est acceptable (α = 0,88); l'équivalence de critères (validité de construit) est établie entre la version française et la version anglaise (t (210) = 1,04, p = 0,30 ; IC 95 % [-0,20, 0,63]). Les scores obtenus aux deux versions par le même participant s'avèrent fortement corrélées (r = 0,95, p < 0,001). CONCLUSION: Les résultats soutiennent l'utilisation de la version française du PBSM-17. Les stratégies de protection proposées peuvent être utilisées comme outil de mesure et représentent des comportements à adopter dans un contexte d'usage du cannabis à moindre risque.

Primary Healthcare management strategies in socially vulnerable territories exposed to violence. / Estratégias de gerenciamento na Atenção Primária à Saúde em territórios de vulnerabilidade social expostos à violência.

OBJECTIVE: To identify management strategies used by the Family Health Strategy teams of a Basic Health Unit in organizing work in socially vulnerable territories exposed to violence. METHOD: A single case study with a qualitative approach in a family health unit located in the southern region of Brazil. Data collection was conducted through individual interviews with 27 health professionals from August to September 2017 and a focus group with 18 participants in April 2018. Data organization and processing was performed with the support of the IRAMUTEQ software program and subsequently the content analysis technique. RESULTS: The five classes characterized strategies used by professionals to provide care to the population considering their experience in facing violent situations. A guideline was developed and validated in the focus group to guide the management and organization of work in these services. CONCLUSION: It was evidenced that professionals develop strategies which include strengthening the team as a form of collective protection, welcoming focused on comprehensive care and bonding, even without the support of specific public policies for these situations. The population is allied to facilitate access to care for vulnerable people and alerts professionals to critical situations in the territory.

Health professionals and patients' perspectives on person-centred maternal and child healthcare in Burkina Faso.

CONTEXT: The person-centred approach (PCA) is a promising avenue for care improvement. However, health professionals in Burkina Faso (hereafter referred to as caregivers) seem unprepared for taking into consideration patients' preferences and values in the context of healthcare provision. OBJECTIVE: To understand the meaning attributed to PCA in the Burkina Faso context of care and to identify the challenges related to its adoption from the perspective of caregivers and women service users (hereafter referred to as patients). METHODS: An ethnographic qualitative research design was used in this study. We conducted 31 semi-directed interviews with caregivers and patients from Koudougou (Burkina Faso) healthcare facilities. We also carried out direct observation of consultations. Data thematic analyses are based on the person-centred approach analysis framework. RESULTS: According to the caregivers and patients interviewed, the PCA in maternal and child healthcare in Burkina Faso includes the following five components used in our analytical framework: i) pregnancy follow-up consultations extend beyond examining physical health issues (biopsychosocial component), ii) healthcare professionals' mood affects the caregiver-patient relationship as well as care delivery (the healthcare professional as a person), iii) patients expect to be well received, listened to, and respected (the patient as a person), iv) healthcare professionals first acknowledge that both themselves and patients have power, rights but also responsibilities (sharing power, rights and responsibilities of professionals and patients), and v) healthcare professionals who are open to involving patients in decision-making about their care and patients asking to have a say in the organization of services (therapeutic alliance). Implementing each of these themes comes with challenges, such as i) talking about health problems in the presence of other women, especially those related to sexuality, even though they are common to parturient women (biopsychosocial component); ii) offering psychotherapy to healthcare professionals (healthcare professional as a person); iii) taking into consideration patients' cultural and linguistic differences (the patient as a person); iv) raising awareness among patients about their right to ask questions and healthcare professionals' duty to answer them (sharing power, and rights and responsibilities of professionals and patients); v) accepting the presence of birth attendants while avoiding traditional practices that are contrary to scientific recommendations (therapeutic alliance). CONCLUSION: Despite some context-specific particularities, the PCA is not new in the context of health care in Burkina Faso. However, its implementation can pose a number of challenges. There is a need to train healthcare professionals with a view to being sensitive to these particularities. This may also require organizational adjustments so as to create the physical and sociocultural environments that are conducive to taking into account the patient's perspective.

Estratégias de gerenciamento na Atenção Primária à Saúde em territórios de vulnerabilidade social expostos à violência / Estrategias de gestión en Atención Primaria de Salud en territorios de vulnerabilidad social expuestos a la violencia / Primary Healthcare management strategies in socially vulnerable territories exposed to violence

RESUMO Objetivo Identificar estratégias de gerenciamento utilizadas pelas equipes de Estratégia Saúde da Família de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde na organização do trabalho em território de vulnerabilidade social exposto à violência. Método Estudo de caso único de abordagem qualitativa, em uma unidade de saúde da família localizada na região Sul do Brasil. Coleta de dados por entrevistas individuais com 27 profissionais de saúde de agosto a setembro de 2017 e grupo focal com 18 participantes em abril de 2018. Organização e processamento dos dados com suporte do software IRAMUTEQ e, posteriormente, técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados As cinco classes caracterizaram estratégias utilizadas pelos profissionais ao atendimento à população considerando sua vivência frente a situações de violência. No grupo focal, foi elaborada e validada uma diretriz para nortear o gerenciamento e organização do trabalho nesses serviços. Conclusão Foi evidenciado que mesmo sem apoio de políticas públicas específicas a essas situações, os profissionais desenvolvem estratégias que incluem o fortalecimento da equipe como forma de proteção coletiva, acolhimento focado no atendimento integral e vínculo. A população é aliada ao facilitar o acesso ao atendimento de vulneráveis e alerta os profissionais das situações críticas no território.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar estrategias de gerenciamiento utilizadas por los equipos de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia de una Unidad Básica de Salud en la organización do trabajo en territorio de vulnerabilidad social expuesto a la violencia. Método Estudio de caso único de abordaje cualitativa, en una unidad de salud de la familia localizada en la región Sur de Brasil. Colecta de dados a través de entrevistas individuales con 27 profesionales de salud de agosto a septiembre de 2017 y grupo focal con 18 participantes en abril de 2018. Organización y procesamiento de los dados con suporte del software IRAMUTEQ y, posteriormente, técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados Las cinco clases caracterizaran estrategias utilizadas pelos profesionales al atendimiento a la populación considerando su vivencia frente a situaciones de violencia. En el grupo focal, fue elaborada y validada una directriz para nortear el gerenciamiento y la organización del trabajo en eses servicios. Conclusión Fue evidenciado que mismo sin apoyo de políticas públicas específicas a esas situaciones, los profesionales desenvuelven estrategias que incluyen el fortalecimiento de lo equipo como forma de protección colectiva, acogimiento condensado en el atendimiento integral y vínculo. La populación es aliada al facilitar el acceso al atendimiento de vulnerables y alerta a los profesionales sobre situaciones críticas en el territorio.

ABSTRACT Objective To identify management strategies used by the Family Health Strategy teams of a Basic Health Unit in organizing work in socially vulnerable territories exposed to violence. Method A single case study with a qualitative approach in a family health unit located in the southern region of Brazil. Data collection was conducted through individual interviews with 27 health professionals from August to September 2017 and a focus group with 18 participants in April 2018. Data organization and processing was performed with the support of the IRAMUTEQ software program and subsequently the content analysis technique. Results The five classes characterized strategies used by professionals to provide care to the population considering their experience in facing violent situations. A guideline was developed and validated in the focus group to guide the management and organization of work in these services. Conclusion It was evidenced that professionals develop strategies which include strengthening the team as a form of collective protection, welcoming focused on comprehensive care and bonding, even without the support of specific public policies for these situations. The population is allied to facilitate access to care for vulnerable people and alerts professionals to critical situations in the territory.

Liaison nurse activities at hospital discharge: a strategy for continuity of care. / Atividades das enfermeiras de ligação na alta hospitalar: uma estratégia para a continuidade do cuidado.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the activities developed by the liaison nurses for the continuity of care after hospital discharge. METHOD: descriptive, qualitative study, based on the theoretical reference. Strength Based Care. The sample comprised 23 liaison nurses. The data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire via Survey Monkey electronic platform and analyzed through the content analysis technique, with pre-defined categories. RESULTS: among the liaison nurses, nine (39.14%), between 35 and 44 years of age; 17 (73.91%) were female; 15 (65.22%) were working eleven years or more nurse and 11 (47.82%), were between six and ten years old as a liaison nurse. The professionals participate in the identification of the patients who need care after hospital discharge, coordinate the planning of the hospital discharge and transfer the patient's information to an extra-hospital service. CONCLUSION: the activities developed by the liaison nurses focus on the needs of the patient and the articulation with the extra-hospital services, and can be adapted to the Brazilian context as a strategy to minimize the discontinuity of care at the time of hospital discharge.

Atividades das enfermeiras de ligação na alta hospitalar: uma estratégia para a continuidade do cuidado / Liaison nurse activities at hospital discharge: a strategy for continuity of care / Actividades de las enfermeras de enlace en el alta hospitalaria: una estrategia para la continuidad del cuidado

Objetivo descrever as atividades desenvolvidas pelas enfermeiras de ligação para a continuidade do cuidado após a alta hospitalar. Método estudo descritivo, qualitativo, pautado no referencial teórico Cuidado Baseado nas Forças. A amostra compreendeu 23 enfermeiras de ligação. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado via plataforma eletrônica Survey Monkey e analisados por meio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, com categorias pré-definidas. Resultados entre as enfermeiras de ligação, nove (39,14%) possuíam de 35 a 44 anos de idade; 17 (73,91%) eram do sexo feminino; 15 (65,22%) trabalhavam há onze ou mais anos como enfermeira e 11 (47,82%) atuavam de seis a dez anos como enfermeira de ligação. As profissionais participam da identificação dos pacientes que necessitam de cuidados pós-alta hospitalar, coordenam o planejamento da alta hospitalar e transferem as informações do paciente para um serviço extra-hospitalar. Conclusão as atividades desenvolvidas pelas enfermeiras de ligação centram-se nas necessidades do paciente e na articulação com os serviços extra-hospitalares e podem ser adaptadas ao contexto brasileiro como uma estratégia para minimizar a descontinuidade do cuidado por ocasião da alta hospitalar.

Objective to describe the activities developed by the liaison nurses for the continuity of care after hospital discharge. Method descriptive, qualitative study, based on the theoretical reference. Strength Based Care. The sample comprised 23 liaison nurses. The data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire via Survey Monkey electronic platform and analyzed through the content analysis technique, with pre-defined categories. Results among the liaison nurses, nine (39.14%), between 35 and 44 years of age; 17 (73.91%) were female; 15 (65.22%) were working eleven years or more nurse and 11 (47.82%), were between six and ten years old as a liaison nurse. The professionals participate in the identification of the patients who need care after hospital discharge, coordinate the planning of the hospital discharge and transfer the patient's information to an extra-hospital service. Conclusion the activities developed by the liaison nurses focus on the needs of the patient and the articulation with the extra-hospital services, and can be adapted to the Brazilian context as a strategy to minimize the discontinuity of care at the time of hospital discharge.

Objetivo describir las actividades desarrolladas por las enfermeras de enlace para la continuidad del cuidado después del alta hospitalaria. Método estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, pautado en el referencial teórico Cuidado Basado en las Fuerzas. La muestra comprendió 23 enfermeras de enlace. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de un cuestionario semiestructurado vía plataforma electrónica Survey Monkey y analizados por medio de la técnica de Análisis de Contenido, con categorías predefinidas. Resultados entre las enfermeras de enlace, nueve (39,14%), tenían 35 a 44 años de edad; 17 (73,91%), eran del sexo femenino; 15 (65,22%), trabajaban hace once o más años como enfermera y 11 (47,82%), actuaban de seis a diez años como enfermera de enlace. Las profesionales participan de la identificación de los pacientes que necesitan cuidados post-alta hospitalaria, coordinan la planificación del alta hospitalaria y transfieren las informaciones del paciente para un servicio extrahospitalario. Conclusión las actividades desarrolladas por las enfermeras de enlace se centran en las necesidades del paciente y en la articulación con los servicios extrahospitalarios, y pueden ser adaptadas al contexto brasileño como una estrategia para minimizar la discontinuidad del cuidado con ocasión del alta hospitalaria.

[Knowledge transfer and appropriation processes of nursing students and African settings of care: a multiple case study]. / Processus de transfert et d'appropriation des savoirs d'étudiantes en sciences infirmières et de milieux de soins Africains: une étude de cas multiples.

BACKGROUND: in this era of globalisation and international academic training, many nursing programs offer the possibility of intercultural placement to their students in their initial training. The rise of this phenomena is ubiquitous throughout all Canadian universities, leading to increased student mobility at the international level with increased placements being organised at the international level, on several continents. PURPOSE: this exploratory study aims at better understanding the processes of knowledge transfer and appropriation during international and intercultural placements in nursing in African countries. FRAMEWORK: the models of empowerment and the Cycle of knowledge to practice have guided this study. METHOD: a multiple case study has been conducted with six settings of care from two countries of Africa. Individual interviews were conducted with the nursing students (n = 11) and with the African nurses supervisors (n = 9), and group interviews with the local partners (n = 2). Direct and participant observations were also done by the nursing students while they were in Africa in the summer and by the two principal investigators when they spent a week in the settings of care, the following fall. RESULTS : advantages of this learning activity were noted, especially in regards to personal and professional growth of the nursing students and in regards to knowledge transfer to the host settings. DISCUSSION : four themes emerged and led to recommendations as to the importance of: 1) bidirectional communication, continuity of projects between cohorts of nurses, and support at distance and on site, 2) reinforcement of the emancipatory sociopolitical knowing 3) diversity of care and community sites and expositions, and 4) different phases of the Cycle of knowledge to practice.

Delivering cognitive-behavior therapy for panic disorder with agoraphobia in videoconference.

Delivering psychotherapy by videoconference could significantly increase the accessibility of empirically validated treatments. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) when the therapy is delivered either face-to-face or by videoconference. A sample of 21 participants was treated either face-to-face or by videoconference. Results showed that CBT delivered by videoconference was as effective as CBT delivered face-to-face. There was a statistically significant reduction in all measures, and the number of panic-free participants among those receiving CBT by videoconference was 81% at post-treatment and 91% at the 6-month follow-up. None of the comparisons with face-to-face psychotherapy suggested that CBT delivered by videoconference was less effective. These results were confirmed by analyses of effect size. The participants reported the development of an excellent therapeutic alliance in videoconference as early as the first therapy session. The importance of these results for treatment accessibility is discussed. Hypotheses are proposed to explain the rapid creation of strong therapeutic alliances in videoconferencing.

Outbreak of head pediculosis during SFINCSS-99 isolation experiment.

This short case report presents the development and treatment of a head lice outbreak during a space simulation experiment. The confinement experiment was conducted from July 1999 to March 2000 at the State Research Center of the Russian Federation Institute for Biomedical Problems in Moscow. Following a symptom period of up to 9 wk before diagnosis and treatment, 3 wk of treatment were required to remove all nits from those infected. Recommendations are made with regard to prevention of such infections during space missions. Treatment altered performance and comfort of crews, took time out of other duties, and even affected relations between crewmembers. The case is made for the development of a public health agenda in space research and medical space programs.